Application of pressurized liquid extraction for purification of bioactive compounds from apple pomace (Malus domestica Borhk): coupling with solid phase extraction and solvent gradient

Author(s)

Laise Capelasso da Silva

• Document type: Doctoral Thesis
• Press: Limeira, SP.
• Institution: Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP). Faculdade de Ciências Aplicadas
• Defense date: 2022-03-18

Examining board members

Maurício Ariel Rostagno; Julian Martínez; Priscilla Carvalho Veggi; Adarly Kroth; Fernando Moreira Simabuco

• Advisor: Adriane Elisabete Antunes de Moraes; Maurício Ariel Rostagno

Abstract

The industrial by-product of apple has great biological potential from the phenolic compounds present in the fruit. Techniques for extracting and separating these compounds must be applied to better use them from the production of concentrated extracts and, thus, explore different forms of application of these in foods. The objective of this work was the development of an extraction/fractionation method using pressurized liquid extraction and solvent gradient coupled inline solid phase extraction and online HPLC (2D-PLE-SPE-HPLC-PDA) for the separation and real-time monitoring the extraction of phenolic compounds from apple pomace. Several process variables were evaluated, including the amount and gradient of solvents (water and ethanol), temperature (40–80 °C), solid phase extraction adsorbent (Sepra, Isolute, Strata X, and Oasis), and activation solvent/elution (methanol and ethanol). The best results were observed with ethanol and water, Sepra adsorbent and gradient method with twenty minutes of static time and temperature of 80 ºC. The methods recovered, in purified fractions, compounds of different classes such as furfural, hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF), gallic/protocateic acid, chlorogenic acid, epicatechin, quercetin derivatives, rutin, hyperoside, phloretin xylosil glycoside and phlorizin. While using mainly green solvents, the developed method produced higher or similar yields of acids and flavonoids than conventional methods, proving to be efficient in yield and separation of compounds from the sample (AU)

• FAPESP's process: 19/24537-0 - Phytochemical evaluation of apple (Malus domestica) industrial residue from extraction and separation by a two-dimensional system
• Grantee: Laise Capelasso da Silva
• Support Opportunities: Scholarships in Brazil - Doctorate (Direct)