Categorizing 10 Sports According to Bone and Soft Tissue Profiles in Adolescents

Author(s)

Agostinete, Ricardo Ribeiro ^[1] ; Fernandes, Romulo AraUjo ^[1] ; Narciso, Pedro Henrique ^[1] ; Maillane-Vanegas, Santiago ^[1] ; Werneck, AndrE Oliveira ^[1] ; Vlachopoulos, Dimitris ^[2]

Affiliation

^[1] Sao Paulo State Univ UNESP, Dept Phys Educ, Lab Invest Exercise LIVE, 305 Roberto Simonsen, BR-19060900 Presidente Prudente, SP - Brazil

^[2] Univ Exeter, Childrens Hlth & Exercise Res Ctr, Sport & Hlth Sci, Exeter, Devon - England

• Document type: Journal article
• Source: MEDICINE AND SCIENCE IN SPORTS AND EXERCISE; v. 52, n. 12, p. 2673-2681, DEC 2020.
• Web of Science Citations: 0

Abstract

Purpose Considering the different loading and training characteristics of the sports practiced during growth, it is important to specify and categorize the bone and soft tissue adaptations in adolescent athletes. This study aimed to categorize 10 different loading sports and a nonsport group and identify the differences in bone density and soft tissues. Methods The sample included 625 adolescents (10 to 17 yr of age) of 10 sports (soccer, basketball, volleyball, track and field, judo, karate, kung fu, gymnastics, baseball, and swimming) and a nonsport group. Dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry assessed areal bone mineral density (aBMD), bone mineral apparent density (BMAD), and soft tissues (lean soft tissue and fat mass). The results were adjusted for sex, peak height velocity status, lean soft tissue, fat mass, and weekly training volume. Results The comparisons among groups showed that soccer had the highest whole-body aBMD (mean +/- SEM: 1.082 +/- 0.007 g center dot cm(-2)) and lower limb aBMD (1.302 +/- 0.010 g center dot cm(-2)). Gymnastics presented the highest upper limb aBMD (0.868 +/- 0.012 g center dot cm(-2)) and whole-body BMAD (0.094 +/- 0.001 g center dot cm(-3)). Swimming presented the lowest aBMD values in all skeletal sites (except at the upper limbs) and whole-body BMAD. The soft tissue comparisons showed that soccer players had the highest lean soft tissue (43.8 +/- 0.7 kg). The lowest fat mass was found in gymnasts (8.04 +/- 1.0 kg). Conclusion The present study investigated and categorized for the first time 10 different sports according to bone density and soft tissue profiles. Soccer and gymnastics sport groups were found to have the highest bone density in most body segments, and both sports were among the groups with the lowest fat mass. (AU)

• FAPESP's process: 16/20354-0 - Arrangements different impact sports in occurrence and gravity musculoskeletal symptoms among pediatric groups: ABCD growth study
• Grantee: Santiago Maillane Vanegas
• Support type: Scholarships in Brazil - Master
• FAPESP's process: 13/06963-5 - Practice of different sport modalities and bone mass gain in adolescents: cohort of 09 months
• Grantee: Ricardo Ribeiro Agostinete
• Support type: Scholarships in Brazil - Scientific Initiation
• FAPESP's process: 18/24164-6 - LONGITUDINAL ADAPTATIONS IN BONE GEOMETRY AND STRENGTH IN ADOLESCENTS ENGAGED IN SIX DIFFERENT SPORTS: ABCD - GROWTH STUDY
• Grantee: Ricardo Ribeiro Agostinete
• Support type: Scholarships abroad - Research Internship - Doctorate
• FAPESP's process: 17/09182-5 - Impact of aquatic sport participation on markers of bone turnover among adolescents: ABCD - growth study
• Grantee: Ricardo Ribeiro Agostinete
• Support type: Scholarships in Brazil - Doctorate
• FAPESP's process: 15/19710-3 - Analysis of behaviors of children during growth (ABCD - Growth Study)
• Grantee: Rômulo Araújo Fernandes
• Support type: Regular Research Grants
• FAPESP's process: 17/27234-2 - Longitudinal association between biological maturation, body fatness and sports participation predicting the risk of metabolic syndrome and C-reactive protein: structural equation modelling (ABCD - growth study)
• Grantee: André de Oliveira Werneck
• Support type: Scholarships in Brazil - Master
• FAPESP's process: 16/06920-2 - Application allometric models in understanding the relationship between sports practice, biological maturity and bone variable in adolescents
• Grantee: Ricardo Ribeiro Agostinete
• Support type: Scholarships abroad - Research Internship - Master's degree
• FAPESP's process: 18/21935-1 - Association between training volume, body composition and sleep quality in the prediction of the bone mineral density in adolescents: structural equations models (ABCD - Growth Study)
• Grantee: Pedro Henrique Narciso Picchi
• Support type: Scholarships in Brazil - Scientific Initiation