The poorly conducted orchestra of steroid hormones, oxidative stress and inflammation in frailty needs a maestro: Regular physical exercise

Author(s)

de Barros, Marcelo Paes ^[1] ; Lacerda Bachi, Andre Luis ^{[2, 3]} ; Batista dos Santos, Juliana de Melo ^[4] ; Lambertucci, Rafael Herling ^[5] ; Ishihara, Rafael ^[5] ; Polotow, Tatiana Geraldo ^[1] ; Caldo-Silva, Adriana ^[6] ; Valente, Pedro Afonso ^[6] ; Hogervorst, Eef ^[7] ; Furtado, Guilherme Eustaquio ^{[8, 9, 6]}

Affiliation

^[1] Cruzeiro do Sul Univ, Inst Phys Act Sci & Sports ICAFE, MSc PhD Interdisciplinary Program Hlth Sci, BR-01506000 Sao Paulo - Brazil

^[2] Santo Amaro Univ UNISA, Postgrad Program Hlth Sci, BR-04829300 Sao Paulo - Brazil

^[3] Fed Univ Sao Paulo UNIFESP, Dept Otorhinolaryngol, ENT Lab, BR-04025002 Sao Paulo - Brazil

^[4] Fed Univ Sao Paulo UNIFESP, Postgrad Program Sci Human & Rehabil, BR-11015020 Santos, SP - Brazil

^[5] Fed Univ Sao Paulo Unifesp, Dept Biosci, BR-11015020 Santos, SP - Brazil

^[6] Univ Coimbra, UID PTD 04213 2019, Res Unit Sport & Phys Act, FCDEF UC, Fac Sport Sci & Phys Educ, CIDAF, Coimbra - Portugal

^[7] Loughborough Univ, Appl Cognit Res Natl Ctr Sports & Exercise Med, Loughborough, Leics - England

^[8] Nursing Sch Coimbra ESEnfC, Hlth Sci Res Unit Nursing UICISA E, Coimbra - Portugal

^[9] Inst Polytech Maia, Porto - Portugal

• Document type: Journal article
• Source: Experimental Gerontology; v. 155, NOV 2021.
• Web of Science Citations: 0

Abstract

This review outlines the various factors associated with unhealthy aging which includes becoming frail and dependent. With many people not engaging in recommended exercise, facilitators and barriers to engage with exercise must be investigated to promote exercise uptake and adherence over the lifespan for different demographics, including the old, less affluent, women, and those with different cultural-ethnic backgrounds. Governmental and locally funded public health messages and environmental facilitation (gyms, parks etc.) can play an important role. Studies have shown that exercise can act as a conductor to balance oxidative stress, immune and endocrine functions together to promote healthy aging and reduce the risk for age-related morbidities, such as cardiovascular disease and atherosclerosis, and promote cognition and mood over the lifespan. Like a classic symphony orchestra, consisting of four groups of related musical instruments - the woodwinds, brass, percussion, and strings - the aging process should also perform in harmony, with compassion, avoiding the aggrandizement of any of its individual parts during the presentation. This review discusses the wide variety of molecular, cellular and endocrine mechanisms (focusing on the steroid balance) underlying this process and their interrelationships. (AU)

• FAPESP's process: 19/14115-0 - Influence of L-glutamine supplementation in the sarcopenia and immune/inflammatory response both systemic and in the respiratory tract of elderly practitioners or not of a regular program of combined physical exercises submitted to Influenza virus vaccine
• Grantee: André Luis Lacerda Bachi
• Support Opportunities: Regular Research Grants
• FAPESP's process: 17/06032-2 - Biochemical, physiological and transcriptomic strategies to study the relationship between carotenoids, oxidative stress and Citrus fruit quality
• Grantee: Marcelo Paes de Barros
• Support Opportunities: Scholarships abroad - Research
• FAPESP's process: 19/02347-4 - Influence of melatonin supplementation associated to body mass management strategies (combined training and/or diet manipulation) on cardiac system of obese rats: study of alterations of cell death, redox state, inflammation, autophagy and metabolism
• Grantee: Rafael Herling Lambertucci
• Support Opportunities: Regular Research Grants