RNA-seq transcriptome profiling of pigs' liver in response to diet with different sources of fatty acids

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Fanalli, Simara Larissa ; Silva, Bruna Pereira Martins ; Gomes, Julia Dezen ; Durval, Mariah Castro ; de Almeida, Vivian Vezzoni ; Moreira, Gabriel Costa Monteiro ; Silva-Vignato, Barbara ; Afonso, Juliana ; Freitas, Felipe Andre Oliveira ; Reecy, James Mark ; Koltes, James Eugene ; Koltes, Dawn ; Garrick, Dorian ; Regitano, Luciana Correia de Almeida ; Balieiro, Julio Cesar de Carvalho ; Mourao, Gerson Barreto ; Coutinho, Luiz Lehmann ; Fukumasu, Heidge ; de Alencar, Severino Matias ; Luchiari Filho, Albino ; Cesar, Aline Silva Mello

• Document type: Journal article
• Source: FRONTIERS IN GENETICS; v. 14, p. 14-pg., 2023-01-25.

Abstract

Pigs (Sus scrofa) are an animal model for metabolic diseases in humans. Pork is an important source of fatty acids (FAs) in the human diet, as it is one of the most consumed meats worldwide. The effects of dietary inclusion of oils such as canola, fish, and soybean oils on pig gene expression are mostly unknown. Our objective was to evaluate FA composition, identify changes in gene expression in the liver of male pigs fed diets enriched with different FA profiles, and identify impacted metabolic pathways and gene networks to enlighten the biological mechanisms' variation. Large White male pigs were randomly allocated to one of three diets with 18 pigs in each; all diets comprised a base of corn and soybean meal to which either 3% of soybean oil (SOY), 3% canola oil (CO), or 3% fish oil (FO) was added for a 98-day trial during the growing and finishing phases. RNA sequencing was performed on the liver samples of each animal by Illumina technology for differential gene expression analyses, using the R package DESeq2. The diets modified the FA profile, mainly in relation to polyunsaturated and saturated FAs. Comparing SOY vs. FO, 143 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified as being associated with metabolism, metabolic and neurodegenerative disease pathways, inflammatory processes, and immune response networks. Comparing CO vs. SOY, 148 DEGs were identified, with pathways related to FA oxidation, regulation of lipid metabolism, and metabolic and neurodegenerative diseases. Our results help explain the behavior of genes with differential expression in metabolic pathways resulting from feeding different types of oils in pig diets. (AU)

• FAPESP's process: 21/06553-8 - Association between biochemical parameters of the blood serum of pigs fed with different sources of fatty acids and the transcriptomic profile of the liver
• Grantee: Julia Dezen Gomes
• Support Opportunities: Scholarships abroad - Research Internship - Scientific Initiation
• FAPESP's process: 20/10042-6 - Lipid profile and transcriptome of the brain of swine feeded with different oil sources
• Grantee: Bruna Pereira Martins da Silva
• Support Opportunities: Scholarships in Brazil - Master
• FAPESP's process: 18/15653-3 - Effect of dietary oleic acid on fatty acid composition and inflammatory response profile in different tissues of pigs
• Grantee: Aline Silva Mello Cesar
• Support Opportunities: Scholarships in Brazil - Young Researchers
• FAPESP's process: 18/26816-0 - Effect of dietary oleic acid on fatty acid composition and inflammatory response profile in different tissues of pigs
• Grantee: Julia Dezen Gomes
• Support Opportunities: Scholarships in Brazil - Scientific Initiation
• FAPESP's process: 14/02493-7 - Mammary tumors of dogs and the cancer stem cell theory: a comparative and translational approach
• Grantee: Heidge Fukumasu
• Support Opportunities: Research Grants - Young Investigators Grants
• FAPESP's process: 17/25180-2 - Effect of dietary oleic acid on fatty acid composition and inflammatory response profile in different tissues of pigs
• Grantee: Aline Silva Mello Cesar
• Support Opportunities: Research Grants - Young Investigators Grants
• FAPESP's process: 18/26797-6 - Effect of dietary oleic acid on fatty acid composition and inflammatory response profile in different tissues of pigs
• Grantee: Julia Pereira Martins da Silva
• Support Opportunities: Scholarships in Brazil - Scientific Initiation