| Grant number: | 15/12944-9 |
| Support Opportunities: | Regular Research Grants |
| Start date: | March 01, 2016 |
| End date: | February 28, 2018 |
| Field of knowledge: | Health Sciences - Medicine |
| Principal Investigator: | Adriana Luchs |
| Grantee: | Adriana Luchs |
| Host Institution: | Instituto Adolfo Lutz (IAL). São Paulo , SP, Brazil |
| City of the host institution: | São Paulo |
| Associated researchers: | Maria Do Carmo Sampaio Tavares Timenetsky |
Abstract
Group A rotaviruses (RVA) are the main cause of acute viral gastroenteritis in both humans and animal. Global surveillance of circulating RVA in the human population has revealed the presence of several uncommon genotypes, including Brazil. Many of these have been found in domestic animals, and phylogenetic analysis suggests that they arose in the human population through zoonotic transmission. The distribution and evolution of human RVA strains is important for vaccine development and effectiveness. In 2006 an attenuated monovalent vaccine was included in the Brazilian National Immunization Program, preventing severe RVA gastroenteritis, and inducing significant reduction in the frequency of RVA detection in children with gastroenteritis. In setting where RVA vaccine coverage is high, such as in Brazil, vaccine pressure could select for replacement of common strains (similar to those included in RVA vaccines) with uncommon strains, some of which could be generated by reassortment between human and animal RVA. The Enteric Diseases Laboratory (NDE) of Adolfo Lutz Institute is a macro-regional reference center for RVA surveillance, Ministry of Health (MS)-Brazil. Convenient stool samples from patients with acute gastroenteritis were sent to the NDE for viral diagnosis. The fecal specimens are investigated for RVA by commercial ELISA kit and genotyped by RT-PCR for the two outer capsid proteins: VP4 (P genotype) and VP7 (G genotype). The detection of unusual/rare G and P genotypes association strongly suggest interspecies transmission. Since 2008, the RVA classification system based on molecular characterization of the 11 genes (genomic constellation) have been used to study viral evolution, and provided an excellent means of deciphering the true origin of unconventional strains, especially those derived from interspecies transmission and subsequent adaptation to human host. Tracking virus evolution and gaining an understanding of the role that animal RVA strains play is important for continued development of vaccine strategies and genotyping surveillance. The aim of this study is investigate the dynamic between human and animal RVA strains using complete genome sequencing of RVA strains displaying rare/unusual G (VP7) and P (VP4) genotypes combinations, following phylogetic analysis. (AU)
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