Electrochemical paper-based analytical devices: ten years of development

Author(s)

Ataide, Vanessa N. ^[1] ; Mendes, Leticia F. ^[1] ; Gama, Lillia I. L. M. ^[2] ; de Araujo, William R. ^[2] ; Paixao, Thiago R. L. C. ^{[1, 3]}

Affiliation

^[1] Univ Sao Paulo, Inst Quim, Dept Quim Fundamental, BR-05508000 Sao Paulo, SP - Brazil

^[2] Univ Estadual Campinas, Inst Quim, Dept Quim Analit, BR-13083970 Campinas, SP - Brazil

^[3] Inst Nacl Ciencia & Tecnol Bioanalit, BR-13084971 Campinas, SP - Brazil

• Document type: Review article
• Source: ANALYTICAL METHODS; v. 12, n. 8, p. 1030-1054, FEB 28 2020.
• Web of Science Citations: 0

Abstract

The last decade saw the development of electrochemical paper-based analytical devices (ePADs). While sharing the characteristics of microfluidic paper-based analytical devices (mPADs) that use colourimetric detection, ePADs show enhanced limits of detection and selectivity, avoid the bias of human eye observation without any considerable increase in the device cost, and maintain the capacity for miniaturisation and in-field application. Over this period, different ingenious approaches were used to fabricate ePADs for many analytical problems such as in clinical and forensic applications. Hence, we review the fabrication procedures of these ePADs, from the initial report to the steps used to pattern the physical/chemical boundaries (non-conductive patterns) and conductive tracks (electrodes) on a paper substrate. Selected literature is discussed according to the fabrication procedures, electrochemical detection techniques, and applications. We also discuss other interesting approaches using conductive tracks on PADs for non-electrochemical transduction, i.e., as an electrical tool to assist in sample preparation or preconcentration steps, as well as some applications in the energy-related field. At the end, an overview and trends in the fabrication, application, and commercialisation status of ePADs are provided. (AU)

• FAPESP's process: 17/10522-5 - Development of alternative methods for fabrication of electrochemical paper-based sensors
• Grantee: Thiago Regis Longo Cesar da Paixão
• Support Opportunities: Regular Research Grants
• FAPESP's process: 18/14462-0 - Fabrication of electrochemical paper-based device aiming clinical and environmental applications
• Grantee: Vanessa Neiva de Ataide
• Support Opportunities: Scholarships in Brazil - Doctorate
• FAPESP's process: 18/08782-1 - Miniaturized and integrated chemical sensors: new fabrication platforms for biological, clinical and environmental applications
• Grantee: Mauro Bertotti
• Support Opportunities: Research Projects - Thematic Grants
• FAPESP's process: 16/16477-9 - Fabrication of portable paper-based analytical devices with electrochemical and colorimetric detection system aiming at forensic, clinical, and environmental applications
• Grantee: William Reis de Araujo
• Support Opportunities: Scholarships in Brazil - Post-Doctoral
• FAPESP's process: 19/16491-0 - Rapid, onsite detection of toxic metals combining paper-based electrochemical sensors and fast-scan cyclic voltammetry
• Grantee: Thiago Regis Longo Cesar da Paixão
• Support Opportunities: Regular Research Grants