Subacute toxicity assessment of biobased ionic liquids in rats

Author(s)

Barros, Helena D. F. Q. ^[1] ; Maximo, Guilherme J. ^[2] ; Cazarin, Cinthia B. B. ^[1] ; Pereira, Jorge F. B. ^[3] ; Marostica Junior, Mario R. ^[1]

Affiliation

^[1] Univ Estadual Campinas, Sch Food Engn, Lab Biol Assays LEB, R Monteiro Lobato 80, BR-13083862 Campinas, SP - Brazil

^[2] Univ Estadual Campinas, Sch Food Engn, Lab Extract Appl Thermodynam & Equilibrium EXTRAE, R Monteiro Lobato 80, BR-13083862 Campinas, SP - Brazil

^[3] Univ Estadual Paulista, Sch Pharmaceut Sci, BR-14800903 Araraquara, SP - Brazil

• Document type: Journal article
• Source: Food Research International; v. 134, AUG 2020.
• Web of Science Citations: 0

Abstract

Ionic liquids (ILs) derived from compounds obtained from natural sources, such as fatty acids (FAs) have attracted the interest of the scientific and industrial communities because of their sustainable appeal and possible low toxic effects or nontoxicity. These aspects open new perspective of applications in other fields, which demands a better comprehension of their toxicity. This work evaluated the subacute toxicity of bis(2-hydroxyethyl) ammonium carboxylates in Wistar rats, considering the alkyl chain length of FAs (capric and oleic acids), and the concentration (0.16%, 1.6% or 3.2%, w(IL)/w(Oil)) of ILs added in diets. The blood serum of the rats was evaluated in relation to total cholesterol, triglycerides, aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and.-glutamyl transferase. Lipid peroxidation was determined in plasma, liver and kidney tissues by determining the level of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances. Histological analyses of the liver and kidney tissues were performed in order to evaluate morphological changes. No signal of toxicity was observed according to lipid peroxidation. Triglycerides increased with the increasing of the concentration and alkyl chain length of the IL, but no difference in serum level of lipid peroxidation was observed. This behavior may be attributed to the amphiphilic nature of FAs based ILs, which might facilitate lipid digestion. However, more studies are necessary in order to understand such behavior. Therefore, the synthesis of ILs from FAs, has been evaluated as a strategy to produce compounds with low or without toxicity for the agro-food, pharmaceutical or cosmetic industries. (AU)

• FAPESP's process: 14/21252-0 - Equilibrium and production processes of biofuels and bioproducts
• Grantee: Antonio José de Almeida Meirelles
• Support Opportunities: Research Projects - Thematic Grants
• FAPESP's process: 16/08566-1 - Phase equilibrium thermodynamics for the improvement of physical properties of food bioproducts and their prediction in industrial and digestive processes
• Grantee: Guilherme José Maximo
• Support Opportunities: Regular Research Grants
• FAPESP's process: 16/24461-5 - Synthesis, characterization and application of ionic liquids by using fatty acids, choline and phosphoethanolamine in the food and biopharmaceuticals industries
• Grantee: Ariel Antonio Campos Toledo Hijo
• Support Opportunities: Scholarships in Brazil - Doctorate
• FAPESP's process: 17/04231-8 - Supercritical fractionation of the phenolics present in the Jabuticaba peel (Plinia cauliflora) and evaluation of the digestibility and bioavailability
• Grantee: Helena Dias de Freitas Queiroz Barros
• Support Opportunities: Scholarships in Brazil - Doctorate
• FAPESP's process: 14/16424-7 - Optimization and scale-up of liquid-liquid extraction process with ionic liquids (ILs) as a sustainable tool for the separation of the anti-leukemia biopharmaceutical L-asparaginase (ASPase)
• Grantee: Jorge Pereira
• Support Opportunities: Research Grants - Young Investigators Grants