Sustainable and Innovative Method for Real-Time Extraction and Analysis of Polyphenols from Green Propolis by Pressurized Liquid Extraction Coupled Inline with Photodiode Array Detection (PLE-PDA)

Author(s)

Contieri, Leticia Sanches ; Mesquita, Leonardo Mendes de Souza ; Ferreira, Vanessa Cosme ; Moreno, Juver Andrey Jimenez ; Pizani, Rodrigo Stein ; Carneiro, Tania Forster ; Rostagno, Mauricio Ariel

• Document type: Journal article
• Source: ACS SUSTAINABLE CHEMISTRY & ENGINEERING; v. 12, n. 52, p. 13-pg., 2024-12-18.

Abstract

This article proposes an innovative process for extracting green propolis polyphenols, integrating real-time monitoring while adhering to green practices. This development is significant due to the complex propolis composition that requires extensive extraction and analytical methods, leading to an environmental impact. The study employed pressurized liquid extraction (PLE) combined with photodiode array detection (PDA) to simultaneously recover and quantify polyphenolic compounds from green propolis. The process was fully optimized regarding operational extraction variables, specifically the solvent-to-feed ratio, solvent composition, and temperature. An exhaustive extraction was achieved using ethanol as solvent, at 130 degrees C, 2 mL<middle dot>min-1 solvent flow rate, and 1500 psi, resulting in a total polyphenolic content of 148 mg<middle dot>gpropolis -1 in 35 min. Additionally, the ability to quantify the signal obtained by the PDA represents a significant advancement in real-time monitoring processes, reducing the need for toxic solvents typically required in offline chromatographic analysis and shortening extraction times. The optimized method achieved a high green analytical score of 0.9 (AGREE) and a Path2Green score of 0.477, demonstrating strong adherence to the 12 principles of green analytical chemistry and green extraction, respectively. Also, high Blue Applicability Grade Index (BAGI) of 85.0 is present, demonstrating great practicality and applicability of the method. This work highlights an innovative technique, opening new perspectives for future innovations, even when complex matrices are studied. (AU)

• FAPESP's process: 20/03623-2 - Extraction and separation of phenolic compounds from green propolis by a bidimensional system
• Grantee: Letícia Sanches Contieri
• Support Opportunities: Scholarships in Brazil - Doctorate (Direct)
• FAPESP's process: 18/14582-5 - Development of a two-dimensional extraction, separation and analysis system for evaluating the bioactivity of phytochemicals
• Grantee: Maurício Ariel Rostagno
• Support Opportunities: Research Grants - Young Investigators Grants - Phase 2
• FAPESP's process: 20/08421-9 - Application of non-volatile alternative solvents to create sustainable two-dimensional and integrated platforms for harnessing agro-industrial waste from jaboticaba and pomegranate fruits
• Grantee: Leonardo Mendes de Souza Mesquita
• Support Opportunities: Scholarships in Brazil - Post-Doctoral
• FAPESP's process: 23/04479-0 - EXTRACTION AND HYDROLYSIS IN AN AUTOMATED IN-LINE REACTOR AS A TECHNOLOGY FOR THE VALUATION OF CAMBUCI PEEL (Campomanesia phaea Berg.)
• Grantee: Juver Andrey Jimenez Moreno
• Support Opportunities: Scholarships in Brazil - Master
• FAPESP's process: 19/13496-0 - Multi user equipment approved in grant 2018/14582-5: ultra-high pressure liquid chromatography system (UHPLC), composed by a quaternary pump, autoinjector, oven with selection valve and detector (PDA)
• Grantee: Maurício Ariel Rostagno
• Support Opportunities: Multi-user Equipment Program